So that evaluations having prior to studies, i also applied nonspatial capture-recapture methods to guess mature jaguar occurrence (select Appendix B having measures and you will show).
Quoting cub occurrence and you may population structure
We projected densities by themselves for males, reproductive ladies, and you can nonreproductive women. I attempted to match patterns directly to findings off cubs, but their sparse just take histories did not bring adequate research to have a max chances data. To help you guess cub occurrence, i multiplied the reproductive ladies thickness from our top model because of the indicate amount of cubs for every reproductive ladies. These types of quotes enjoy formula out-of total jaguar density and you will inhabitants design for men, nonreproductive females, reproductive female, and you may cubs.
Performance
The complete sampling energy was twelve,302 camera pitfall-night. We acquired 1465 catches, together with 1369 which have recognizable people (Desk step one). In total, i understood 42 jaguars, plus 14 Jest arablounge darmo adult males, 14 adult ladies, and you may fourteen cubs. Of your own fourteen snap adult lady, eight was definitely reproducing and you will snap which have cubs (Pictures D1, D2). Although we entered equal quantities of people, women, and you can cubs in the studies urban area, this new take frequency each and every group differed: 58% from recognized photos was the ones from boys (798 grabs), 33% regarding recognizable grabs was in fact that from women (452), and simply 9% were the ones from cubs (119). On average, guys had been caught 56 minutes for each and every, ladies thirty two times, and you may cubs just 9 minutes. Reproductive female got some large final amount out-of catches than just nonreproductive people (257 as opposed to 195, respectively) and better mediocre level of grabs each individual (38 instead of twenty eight). Reproductive lady was basically more frequently caught by yourself (109 minutes) than accompanied by cubs (69 catches) throughout known children dependence. In contrast, cubs was basically filed with greater regularity making use of their mothers (83 individual grabs) than just by yourself (thirty-six catches).
Density quotes of mature jaguars
Of the 32 models analyzed with the secr package with sex/reproductive status and sessions as covariates, those which did not allow density to vary across sessions obtained the lowest AICc values. In contrast, models assuming density variation across sessions received less support (Tables 2, C1). The top secr model for adult jaguars included an effect of sex/female reproductive status on D, ? 0, and ? and between session variation in ? 0. All three parameters differed significantly between sex/reproductive status groups (Table 3). Baseline detection probability was lowest for reproductive females (0.04 on average), whereas nonreproductive females had the greatest baseline detectability (0.13 on average) and males intermediate (0.08 on average) to the two female reproductive classes. Males had the largest values of estimated movement distribution (? = 2.97 ± 0.09 km), while reproductive and nonreproductive females obtained smaller ? values (2.04 ± 0.11 and 2.32 ± 0.19 km, respectively). Estimated densities were higher for reproductive females and males (1.97 ± 0.33 and 1.62 ± 0.22 individuals/ 100 km 2 , respectively) than for nonreproductive females (0.85 ± 0.19 individuals/100 km 2 ). In total, the best model estimated 4.44 ± 1.16 adult jaguars/100 km 2 (Table 3).
Cub occurrence and you can jaguar inhabitants framework
Away from observations of the eight reproductive female that have kiddies in data period, i estimated 1.64 cubs for each reproductive girls typically. As well, one cub are registered alone using one affair together with an unidentified mommy. I omitted so it lone observation off then analysis. On such basis as reproductive women density from the most readily useful model, we estimated step three.23 cubs/100 kilometer dos on the research area. For this reason, i projected a whole density out-of 7.67 jaguars/a hundred kilometres 2 . Jaguar society design is 21% adult males, 11% nonreproductive female, 26% reproductive lady, and you may 42% cubs (Desk step 3).
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